Optical measurements are generally defined as all measurements that work with natural or artificial light. This includes both an observation of objects with simple metrological tools and state-of-the-art ultra-precise microscopy methods in specialized measurement laboratories. The variety of optical measurement techniques is enormous, and their number is constantly growing as new technologies and opportunity continue to advance optical metrology methods and equipment. In general, the procedures are divided into four approximate sub-areas. Visual methods are used for superficial inspection of details on workpieces and assemblies. Microscopic methods are used for more precise inspection of the material structure. Photometric 2D and 3D methods serve as a rapid metrological means of measuring components and creating 3D models. These in turn are suitable for checking dimensional accuracy and tolerances. Laser-based metrology systems are characterized by potentially particularly high precision. Surface structures can be reproduced almost as precisely as by tactile methods. Compared to tactile measurement methods, optical measurements offer a fast and non-contact measurement method with low wear.